https://library.universitaspertamina.ac.id//xmlui/handle/123456789/97 Collections of International Relations Lecturers' Paper 2026-04-19T09:45:12Z https://library.universitaspertamina.ac.id//xmlui/handle/123456789/10913 UPAYA PROMOTING DAN KERJASAMA INTERNASIONAL BADAN USAHA PELABUHAN BATAM Purba, Mangaraja 2023-10-24T00:00:00Z https://library.universitaspertamina.ac.id//xmlui/handle/123456789/9045 Dua Kacamata Melihat Dunia: Memahjami Isu Non-Konvensional Dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional Kusumawardhana, Indra 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z https://library.universitaspertamina.ac.id//xmlui/handle/123456789/8812 WAY OF THE SAMURAI: UNDERSTANDING JAPAN’S ENERGY SECURITY STRATEGY POST-FUKUSHIMA DISASTER Kusumawardhana, Indra The Fukushima Disaster in 2011 posed a challenge to Japan's energy security. Before the disaster, Japan was very dependent on nuclear power plants to fulfill its energy mix, mainly the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Energy security is prominently Japan's priority agenda because they do not possess natural resource endowments. Therefore, Japan must pay attention to provide energy availability access, emphasizing accessibility elements to maintain a secure position at global economic levels. Departing from this background, this paper analyzes Japan's energy security strategy after the Fukushima Disaster. The article questions the post-Fukushima Disaster,How doesJapanmaintained theirenergy security under the dynamics of current geopolitics of energyafter Fukushima Disaster?. The finding obtained from the analysis is that Japan focuses on import policy to fulfill its national energy security. Meanwhile, the current international political situation has prosecuted Japan to China's foreign policy competitiveness and its impact on the geopolitical map. Moreover, Japan's energy security strategy is based on energy policy amid geopolitical energy competition to pursue energy security through two levels, namely the domestic and international sectors. The Fukushima Disaster in 2011 posed a challenge to Japan's energy security. Before the disaster, Japan was very dependent on nuclear power plants to fulfill its energy mix, mainly the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Energy security is prominently Japan's priority agenda because they do not possess natural resource endowments. Therefore, Japan must pay attention to provide energy availability access, emphasizing accessibility elements to maintain a secure position at global economic levels. Departing from this background, this paper analyzes Japan's energy security strategy after the Fukushima Disaster. The article questions the post-Fukushima Disaster,How doesJapanmaintained theirenergy security under the dynamics of current geopolitics of energyafter Fukushima Disaster?. The finding obtained from the analysis is that Japan focuses on import policy to fulfill its national energy security. Meanwhile, the current international political situation has prosecuted Japan to China's foreign policy competitiveness and its impact on the geopolitical map. Moreover, Japan's energy security strategy is based on energy policy amid geopolitical energy competition to pursue energy security through two levels, namely the domestic and international sectors. 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z https://library.universitaspertamina.ac.id//xmlui/handle/123456789/8811 Neither promoting nor projecting democracy: Indonesia’s middlepowermanship in the Bali democracy forum under Joko Widodo Kusumawardhana, Indra Despite the pragmatic character of Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s foreign policy and the regression of the country’s democracy index, Indonesia remains eager for the continuation of Bali Democracy Forum (BDF). This article aims to solve this apparent contradiction using the concept of middle power diplomacy. This article argues that, in contrast to his predecessor, Widodo does not perceive BDF as an instrument to promote or project democracy abroad. Rather, Widodo considers the BDF to accentuate Indonesia’s leadership role in multilateral fora. This ‘middlepowermanship’ challenges the elite-based approach in explaining Indonesia’s foreign policy, which puts a strong emphasis on Jokowi’s personal character traits. The continuation of the BDF under Widodo reflects Indonesia’s default thinking of its status as a middle power. Despite the pragmatic character of Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s foreign policy and the regression of the country’s democracy index, Indonesia remains eager for the continuation of Bali Democracy Forum (BDF). This article aims to solve this apparent contradiction using the concept of middle power diplomacy. This article argues that, in contrast to his predecessor, Widodo does not perceive BDF as an instrument to promote or project democracy abroad. Rather, Widodo considers the BDF to accentuate Indonesia’s leadership role in multilateral fora. This ‘middlepowermanship’ challenges the elite-based approach in explaining Indonesia’s foreign policy, which puts a strong emphasis on Jokowi’s personal character traits. The continuation of the BDF under Widodo reflects Indonesia’s default thinking of its status as a middle power. 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z