STRATEGI KEKUATAN JOE BIDEN DALAM MENANGGAPI KOMPLEKSITAS DENUKLIRISASI IRAN DI JOINT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION (JCPOA) TAHUN 2021-2023

Abstract

After the exit of the United States (US) from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement - if referring to the Realism perspective, the pressure exerted on Iran should increase. This is because in response to the US action, Iran has also gradually increased its power accumulation through increasing uranium enrichment activities, forging alliances with actors that are opposed to the US, and balancing power. These actions should cause the US to be increasingly mired in a security dilemma. But the US in the Joe Biden era lowered tensions towards Iran. This anomaly underlies the researcher to examine the reasons behind the reorientation of US foreign policy after Donald Trump's leadership in the JCPOA in the complexity of Iran's denuclearization. To answer this problem, the researcher operationalizes the Smart power Theory initiated by Joseph Nye to examine more deeply the strategy used by Joe Biden in responding to the constellation of Iran's denuclearization in the JCPOA during 2021-2023. This research applies qualitative methods through literature studies derived from books, research journals, documents and official websites of organizations or governments. From the use of this theory, the researcher concluded that the change in US foreign policy in the Joe Biden era in the form of a decrease in the intensity of pressure compared to the Trump leadership era was due to the use of Smart power or a combination of hard power and soft power in interacting with Iran.