PRARANCANGAN PABRIK BIOAVTUR DARI REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED PALM OIL DENGAN KAPASITAS 54000 KL/TAHUN

Abstract

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established a neutral carbon growth policy by the year 2050, prompting the Indonesian government to issue instructions through Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Number 12 of 2015. This regulation mandates the blending of biofuel into aviation fuel by 5% in the year 2025. In this context, vegetable oil, particularly palm oil, emerges as an abundant potential source for conversion into biojet fuel in Indonesia. Considering these factors, the establishment of a biojet fuel plant in Indonesia appears promising. To meet domestic needs, the pre-design of a biojet fuel plant to be built in Dumai, Riau, is planned with a capacity of 54,000 kL per year. The process employed for biojet fuel production is the Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) process, where RBDPO (Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized Palm Oil) and H2 are used as raw materials. The general stages of the production process involve the simultaneous reaction of RBDPO and H2 to form long-chain alkanes through hydrotreating, followed by simultaneous hydrocracking reactions occurring in a single reactor. In the hydrotreating stage, RBDPO reacts with hydrogen under high pressure and catalytic temperature, producing simpler alkanes by reducing the number of functional groups, such as oxygen. Meanwhile, in the hydrocracking stage, alkanes resulting from hydrotreating undergo carbon bond cleavage within the same reactor, forming smaller long-chain alkanes as desired with NiMo/yAl2O3 as the catalyst, achieving a conversion rate of 97%. The utilities required in this plant include 440635.88 water at a rate of kg/h, electricity amounting to 1228.70 kWh, 3208.246 superheated steam at a rate of kg/h, and compressed air at a rate of 26.16768 m3/h. The necessary workforce consists of 169 employees. Economic evaluation calculations reveal that the total capital investment required is Rp2,013,236,297,724.92 with a pre-tax ROI of 11.57% and an after-tax ROI of 8.67%. The Payback Period (POT) is 8.646 years before tax and 11.528 years after tax. The Break Even Point (BEP) is 20.50%, and the Shut Down Point (SDP) is 43.95% of the production capacity. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is calculated to be 16%. Based on the economic analysis results, the Biojet Fuel plant from RBDPO with a capacity of 54000 kiloliters per year is deemed feasible and can be established in Indonesia.