Analisis Penyerapan Energi Crash Box Material Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic pada Uji Simulasi Axial Crush untuk Automotive Crashworthiness

Abstract

Crashworthiness is the ability to absorb impact energy and be durable for passengers. In vehicles, the crash box serves to protect passengers from impact, which is located at the front of the car, by absorbing the initial kinetic energy in the event of a frontal collision. This research is about the energy absorption capability of the crash box structure using a composite material in the form of CFRP with crashworthiness analysis with the aim of (1) making a finite element simulation to evaluate the energy absorption of the crash box with a composite material in the form of CFRP, (2) determining the deformation properties of the crash. box caused by the axial crush test, (3) knowing the variations of the differences in the material of CFRP, GFRP, st37 and, AA6061-T6 when viewed from the crashworthiness analysis, (4) knowing the variations of the different cross-sectional shapes of square, circle and hexagonal in the crash box structure to crashworthiness, (5) knowing the variation of fiber orientation angles [0]4, [0/90/0], [±45]4 and [0/±45/0] in the crash box structure with CFRP material on crashworthiness, (6) determine the specific energy absorption ability of the crash box structure, and (7) propose the ideal composition of the structure for better energy absorption in by using test parameters in the form of material variations; CFRP, GFRP, AA6061-T6, and st37 mild steel, variations in the shape of the tube cross-section; square, circle and hexagonal and angular fiber orientation with configurations [0]4, [0/90/0], [±45]4 and [0/±45/0]. The method used is a quasi-static loading simulation with the finite element method using ANSYS LS-DYNA software through a laptop hardware device. The results show that CFRP material has the largest absorption of specific energy and the lightest weight among metallic materials, namely the SEA value of 12.0825 kJ/kg with a mass of 0.0624607 kg. The deformation pattern between the composite material and metal has a difference due to the failure mode of the composite through a series of fracture mechanisms while the metallic material folds in the concertina mode. The shape of the hexagonal cross-section and the orientation angle of the fiber [0/±45/0] shows the greatest absorption of specific energy in the CFRP crash box structure.