PERANCANGAN RUTE OPTIMASI EVAKUASI KORBAN KELOMPOK RENTAN MENGGUNAKAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK BERBASIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) (STUDI KASUS ERUPSI GUNUNG SEMERU)

Abstract

The transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to Electric Vehicles (EVs) is a primary key to addressing air pollution and carbon emissions produced by conventional vehicles. However, the use of EV has challenges related to the slow battery charging process and limited travel distance, especially if EV used in situations that require fast time handling such as in the process of evacuating disaster victims in humanitarian logistics activities. One significant disaster in Indonesia that has the potential to occur again is the eruption of Mount Semeru, which claimed the lives of 51 people in 2021. In the Disaster Prone Zone of Mount Semeru, there are 7320 people classified as vulnerable, and according to Undang Undang 39 of 1999, vulnerable victim populations must receive special rescue efforts. To minimize the suffering caused by the eruption of Mount Semeru and demonstrate the capability of EVs in the evacuation process, this research aims to determine the optimal evacuation routes, initial battery scenario percentages, and the optimal number of EVs for evacuating vulnerable groups in the case of Mount Semeru eruption, based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The result of this study show that the higher of initial percentage of EVs and the greater of number EVs, the evacuation time result will be better. In this study, if the initial percentage of EV is 33%, it requires a minimum of 300 EVs. If the initial percentage of EV is 46%, it requires a minimum of 180 EVs. If the initial percentage of EV is either 59% or 72%, it requires a minimum of 120 EVs. Among various scenarios developed from this research, the optimal optimization scenario routes and time is the 72% battery scenario using 180 EVs, which has 6,7 hours of total evacuation time for all evacuation points, and 1,49 hours of time deviation between points. This research demonstrates that EVs are capable of rescuing vulnerable victims during the evacuation process in the event of Mount Semeru's eruption. However, if the use of EVs becomes widespread in society, the Government and BPBD Lumajang must give attention and socialize the importance of the initial percentage of EVs to the people who residing in the Mount Semeru Disaster Affected Area.